Who’s That Old Man in the Chimney? The Amazing Biography of Santa Claus
The origins of a tradition we can no longer imagine Christmas without
You know the image: a jolly old man with a white beard, a red jacket, a sack of presents, and a booming “Ho-ho-ho!” It seems like he’s always been with us. But what if I told you the world’s most famous grandfather was originally a skinny Turkish bishop? And his renowned sleigh and reindeer were the work of New York poets and marketers?
Let’s figure out how Saint Nicholas became Santa Claus and why we all (even adults) continue to believe in this fairy tale?
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| Photo by Srikanta H. U on Unsplash |
The Emergence of the Legend
The prototype of Santa Claus is Saint Nicholas of Myra, Turkey, who was born around 270 AD. He was generous and kind, helping the poor and giving gifts, usually anonymously.
On Saint Nicholas’s feast day (December 5th-6th), it was customary to give gifts to children. This good tradition was brought by Dutch settlers to America in the 17th century, to the city of New Amsterdam, which we now know as New York City.
In the Netherlands, Saint Nicholas was called Sinterklaas (from “Sint Nikolaas”), meaning “giver of gifts.” In 1773, the phrase “St. A. Claus” — an early version of “Santa Claus” — appeared in New York newspapers. In 1804, engravings of Saint Nicholas (Sinterklaas) were circulated, featuring motifs such as stockings filled with toys over the fireplace. John Pintard, a member of the New-York Historical Society, created these.
In 1809, Washington Irving described Saint Nicholas as the patron saint of New York City in his book “History of New York” (writing under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker). Irving wrote that Saint Nicholas flies over rooftops in a wagon, gives gifts, and smokes a pipe.
It may seem strange that the saint would smoke a pipe. But Irving described him as a Dutch colonist. At the time, a clay pipe was a common attribute of a Dutch sailor or settler; it wasn’t considered a bad thing.
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| Illustration for Old Santeclaus with Much Delight (published in The Children’s Friend, 1821) |
His reindeer drives this frosty night,
O’er chimney-tops, and tracks of snow,
To bring his yearly gifts to you.
The steady friend of virtuous youth,
In 1823, another Christmas poem, “A Visit from St. Nicholas,” often known as ’Twas the Night Before Christmas, was published, establishing many of the key details of the modern Santa Claus: flying sleigh, reindeer, chimney rides, happy facial expressions, laughter, winks, etc. The poem was published anonymously.
’Twas the night before Christmas, when all thro’ the house
Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse;
The stockings were hung by the chimney with care,
In hopes that St. Nicholas soon would be there;
Reindeer from the team
Originally, there were eight reindeer: Dasher, Dancer, Prancer, Vixen, Comet, Cupid, Dunder (Donder / Donner), Blixem (Blitzen).
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| Illustration from the original 1939 book Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer |
The character Rudolph was not created until 1939. In 1949, the famous song Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer was released, which made Rudolph a cult figure.
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| Illustration from the original 1939 book Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer |
The Formation of Santa’s Image
In the 19th century, artists updated the image of Santa Claus, and gradually he began to resemble us more and more closely the jolly old man we know. Thomas Nast created the image of Santa Claus as an elderly, jolly man in a red suit (originally brown) with white trim, carrying a sack of toys, and sometimes smoking a pipe. He also created the legend that Santa lived at the North Pole, where he made toys for children.
In the 20th century, the final image was cemented with a 1931 Coca-Cola advertisement, which featured the popular wizard.
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| Coca-Cola advertisement, 1931 |
Shifting the Holiday
Unlike the religious celebration of St. Nicholas on December 5th, Santa Claus’s holiday was celebrated on Christmas Day. Thus, the holiday was moved to December 25th, and Santa Claus entered pop culture.
Christmas in Stores
In the 1820s, the festive atmosphere of Christmas began to spread into stores. Christmas merchandise began to appear.
Beginning in the 1840s, the first Christmas advertisements featuring the popular Santa Claus began appearing in newspapers.
In 1841, the first real Santa Claus appeared in the James W. Parkinson store in Philadelphia. Early marketers began inviting men dressed as Santa Claus to visit their stores, and children could approach them and share their hearts’ desires. This brought more customers to the stores.
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| James W. Parkinson Philadelphia Store |
Thus, one generous man who loved helping people gave us a fairy tale that takes place every year at the end of December.
We’ve unраveled all the secrets of Santa Claus’s birth and seen how his image was created. But even knowing the mechanics of this miracle, we still believe in the magic of gifts. I create things that can become the very gift you’ve been dreaming of. I hope you’ll find something useful or just plain cute among them!🦝
Do you remember the moment when you stopped believing in Santa? Or do you still believe in miracles? What was the best gift Santa Claus ever gave you? Share your story in the comments!
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